Mechanic&#39;s tool



F. YAVlCOLl MECHANIC S TCOL Jam` 10, 1933.

Filed July l, 1932 lllll IJ U m w f f/ if Patented Jan. 10, 1933 PATENT @FFICE FELIX YAVICOLI, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK MECHANICS TOOL Application filed .Tuly 1, 1932.k

This invention relates to mechanics tools of the type sometimes known as delineators or gauges, and is particularly useful for laying out work and for use as calipers.

` An obj ect of the invention is to provide an improved mechanics tool by the use of which key ways and other shapes may be laid out upon bars or other objects, in a simple and rapid manner and with a maximum of accuracy; with which the necessary adjustments for different types of layout work may be quickly and easily made; and which will be light in weight, convenient in use, and simple, compact and inexpensive in construc- "tion.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved mechanics tool which may be used for laying out various types of work, and which also may be used as calipers to `measure diameters and dimensions of various objects. Y

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved, simple and practical combination calipers and gauge, which will have a` maximum of uses, and will be `simple and convenient to manipulate.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of one embodiment of the invention, and the 313i novel features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the'ap pended claims. Y I

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a mechanics `tool constructed in accordance with this invention, and illustrating by dash lines a second operative position for the tool when the tool is used in laying out aA key way on a shaft; y

Gf Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of one end of the tool with certain parts removed, the

section being taken parallel to the projectiorli plane in Fig. lat the forked end of the too Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the manner in which a. key way is laid out on the end of a round shaft by the use of this tool;

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a part of the tool, the section being taken approximately along the line 4.-4, Fig. 1;

Serial No. 620,470.

Fig. 5 is a sectional plan through a part of the tool, the section being taken approximately along the line 5-5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a sectional plan through another part of the tool, the section being taken apprcximately alongthe line 6-6 of Fig. 1; anc

Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating still another use for this combination tool in accordance with this invention.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the improved tool includes a flat, platelike handle or base part 10 which is forked at one end, with the arms 11 and 12 of the fork diverging from one another at their junction with the body of the handle, and` preferably subtending between them an angle of This handle 10 is provided, along one side edge, with a slot 13 which extends 'n strip or bar 15 bisects the angle between the 8 arms 11 and 12 at all times, even though it moves endwise along the handle member 10. The scale bar is in the nature of a rectangular vstrip or plate of uniform width between its side edges, and the inner edge of the slot 8 13 passes through the apex of the angle between the arms 11 and 12. The end edge 17 of the scale bar 15 which projects beyond the arms 11 and 12, runs at right angles to the edge 16, which bisects the angle between the arms 11 and 12, for a purpose that will appear shortly.

Suitable means is provided for securing or clamping the scale bar 15 releasably in different adjustable positions along the slot 13 of the handle member 10. For example, the scale bar may have a groove 18 running endwise thereof in one face thereof and the handle member is provided with a passage 19, Fig. 5, ext-ending from edge to edge thereof at a point intermediate the ends of the handle member. A stud 20, Fig. 5, is disposed for endwise movement in said passage, and at the end which projects into the groove 13 is provided with a reduced extension 21, terminating in a hook 22 which runs in the groove 18 of the scale strip or bar 15.

The other end of the stud 2() is threaded and projects outwardly at that edge of the handle or member 10 which is opposite from the groove 13, and carries a nut 23 which is threaded thereon and engages with a side edge of the handle member. By tightening the nut 23, the scale strip or bar 15 will be drawn tightly against the bottom of the groove 13 and thus locked releasably against endwise movement in the handle or member 10. The arm 12 is slotted intermediate its faces from its free end to its junction with the body ot the handle member, the slot being designated by the reference 24; in Fig. 2. The slot 24 is also extended, (Fig. 2), down that edge of the handle member 10 which is opposite the groove 13.

In this extension of the slot 24, a third arm or support 25 is disposed and secured in any suitable manner, such as by rivets or screws 26 (Fig. 1) which pass through the arm or support 25 and the slotted portion of the handle. This arm or support 25 extends laterally from the handle so that it really functions as a part of the handle, and preferably is at right angles to the angle-bisecting edge of the scale bar 15. A runner 27, Fig. 1, is mounted upon the arm or support LF for movement therealong toward and from the body of the handle er member 10. A set screw 28 carried by the ruimer serves to clamp it, in any adjusted position, to the arm or support 25. For this purpose, the inner end of the screw may engage a strip or bar 29 which is disposed between an edge ofthe arm 25 and the adjacent edge of the runner, so that when the screw 28 is tightened or threaded in one direction, it will force the bar 29 tightly against an edge of the arm 25 and lock the runner rictionally against movement in either direction.

The runner 27 carries a plate-like lateral extension 30, which preferably is in the: plane of the scale bar 15, that moves toward and from the bar 15 when the runner 27 is ad justed along the arm 25. rfhe edge 31 of this lateral extension which nearest the scale bar 15, is parallel to the angle-bisecting edge of the scale bar 15. This lateral extension 30 moves through the slot 24 during its approach toward, or recession from, the scale bar and if necessary, the lateral extension is bevelled off as at 32 at its inner end, s o as to conform to the shape of the adjacent part of the slot 211 and enable movement of the lateral extension into contact with the edge -16 of the scale bar.

The ruimer is provided with a window 33 in each face thereof, and one end of each window, such as the right hand end shown in full lines in Fig. 1, may be utilized as a reference line or marking in cooperation with scale graduations 34 provided on the adjal cent face of the arm or support 25. The cooperating graduations or marks on the runner 27 and the arm 25 are preferably so chosen as to indicate directly the distance between the edges 16 and 31 of the bar 15 and lateral extension 30 respectively, at all times.

It desired, a vernier attachment may be provided for the runner and for this purpose, an auxiliary runner 35 may be provided on the arm 25 and secured or clamped against movement by a screw 36 and strip or bar 37 which are similar to the screw 28 and bar or strip 29 of the main runner 27. The auxiliary runner 35 is provided at one edge with a notch 38, and a threaded rod 39 extends through aligned apertures at opposite sides of the slot 38. One end of the threaded rod 39 is pivotally attached to the runner 27.

The rod 39 carries a nut 40 which is disposed in the notch 38 of the auxiliary runner, so that when the nut 4() is rotated, it will, by its engagement with the ends of.' the notch 38, shift the rod 29 endwise therethrough and relatively to the auxiliary ruimer. Thus it he auxiliary runner is clamped to the arm and the screw 28 of the main runner is released, a rotation of the nut Ll0 will produce a vernier or slow motion movement ot the main runner 27. The nut 40 may be provided, on its periphery, at one end with scale graduations L11 which cooperate with a reference scale indicator or mark 42 provided on the auxiliary runner at one end of the notch 38, so as to constitute a vernier sca le relating to the movement of the main runner 27 and thus supplementing the scale provided on the arm 25.

One of the many uses for this improved tool is the laying out of a'key way at one end of a cylindrical shaft or body, such as the body A in Figs. 1 and 3. Assuming that it is desirable to lay out a key way B at the end of this body A, the tool is applied to the body A, as shown in Fig. 1, with the diverging arms 11 and 12 extending in opposite directions along the circular periphery of the body A. In other words, the arms 11 and 12 .traddle the body A in a peripheral direction, and since the edge 15 alwaysbisects the angle between the arms 1i. and 12, the edge 1G will always represent a diameter of the body A regardless ot the moi'enent oi tlm improved tool around the perif icry of LAM the body A while in contact therewith.

7V'Jith the improved tool applied to the aody A, as shown in Fig. 1, the mechanic takes a suitable marking tool or scribe (not shown) and lays out a diameter on the end of the body A by marking a line on the body A along the edge 16 while the tool is held against the body L in the manner shown inFig. 1. The mechanic adjusts the runner 27 until the edge 31 of the lateral exten sion 30 of the runner is at a distance from Vthe body A, turns it about the axis of the handle through approximately a half revolution and reapplies it to the end of the body A, as shown by the dash lines in Fig. 1. The edge 16'still will run along a diameter of the body A, and the tool is shifted periphvorally aboutthe body A, if necessary, until the edge 16 coincides or is aligned with the center line C which was just previously laid out upon the end of the body A. lllhen this is done, the tool is held in that position and the scribe moved along 'the edge 31 so as to marl; the line E in Fig. 3.

The mechanic then loosens the nut' so as to release the scale bar 1', and the latter is then shifted downwardly until its end edge 17 overlies the areaof the end of body A. in a position representing the desired depth of the ley way ll. rEhe screw is then tightened and thereupon the mechar` draws his scribe alc-ng the edge 17 and marks the line F in Fig. 3. The mechanic then returns the tool to the position shown in full lines in Fig. l, again brings the edge 16 into alignment with the center line C, and then draws his scribe along the' end edge to marl the line G in Fig. 3, which is a continuation of the line F. This completes the layout of this lteyway by use of this tool.

lt will be noted that by the use of the bisecting edge 16 for aligning the tool on the same diameter, the lines D and F, which were laid outvon the end of the body A, will be exactly parallel to one another and to the diameter or center line C. The is always centered on the diameter or centeil line C without special eii'ort or attent-ion on the part of the operator.

The tool is also useful in forming V bars, that is, bars having V-shaped grooves in the faces thereof. To make such a V bar, a strip of bar which is rectangular or square in cross section, Fig. 7, is selected and' the tool applied to the end of this square bar at a corner thereof with the arms 11 and 12 extending along intersecting faces or sides of the bar. The mechanic will then lay out or mark one of the center lines, such as H in Fig. 7.

The runner 27 is adjusted or set to provide a distance between the edges 16 and 31 which is equal to the distance desired between the center line H and one of the faces of the V to be formed, such as along the line I in Fig. 7. TWhile the tool is applied in this position with the ec ge 16 along the center line H, the Inechanic draws his scribe or marking tool along the edge 31 and lays out aline corresponding to the line l in Fig. 7. 1

rllhe tool is then reversed face to face, with thel edee 16 along the same center lineV H and the runner 27 again adjusted' to place the edge 31 at distance from the edge 16 corresponding to the desired distance between the center line H in Fig. 7 and the line J which represents a face of the V iny another face of the block. Similarly, the tool is applied to each of the corners of the block or body, and the other centerline and its related lines representing the faces of the Vs in the other faces of the blocl are laid out, as shown in Fig. 7.

The tool may also be used as calipers to measure the diameter of any body merely by adjusting the runner 27 until the edges 16 and 31 just touch opposite faces or sides of the body whose diameter or dimension is to be ascertained. rlie reading on the scale 34 of the arm 25 will then indicate directly the diameter of the body between the points of Contact of the body with the edges 16 and 31.

Various other examples of the use of such a tool might be given, such as the laying out of hexagon or square heads intended as a reduced extension of a body, but an enumeration of all the uses to which the improved n tool may be put would serve no useful purpose and is omitted in the interest ofbrevity.

lt will be understood that various changes in the details and arrangement of parts, which have been herein described and illustrated' in order'to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention as explained in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A mechanies toolcomprising a handle member with diverging arms to straddle in a peripheral direction, members of different diameters,-a. centering element having an edge bisecting the angle between said arms, and an offset element carried by said handle member and having an edge also extending across the angle between said arms and parllcl to said edge of said centering element. said offset element being adjustable on said an die member to carrv its edge toward lfre of the centering element. s tool comprising a handle having diverging arms at one end, a strip mounted .in said handle to slide endwise and project endwise through one of ai' if t one of the iandle. with one i strip bisecting the angle between i ai nis. the projecting end of said strip beat right. angles to the edge bisecting the between said arms, means carried by iso Y said'liandle for clamping said strip in different adjusted positions, an arm extending laterally from said handle at the side edge opposite said strip, means mounted on said laterally extending arm for movement t0- ward and from said handle and having a lateral extension running approximately parallel to said strip and having its side edge nearest the handle parallel to the anglebisecting edge of said strip, the diverging arm at the side edge from which said laterally extending arm extends being slotted in a direction from end to end to permit movement of said lateral extension into and out of Contact with said strip.

8. A mechanics tool comprising a handle having diverging arms at one end, a strip mounted in said handle to slide endwise thereof and project endwise through one of said arms at one end of the handle, with one edge of said strip bisecting the angle between said arms, the projecting end of said strin being at right angles to the edge bisecting the angle between said arms, means carried by said handle for clamping said strip in different adjusted positions, an arm extending laterally from said handle at the side edge opposite said strip, a runner sliding endwise. on said laterally extending arm for movement toward and from said handie, a lateral extension carried by said runner and having its edge nearest said strip disposed parallel to said strip, said runner and laterally extending arm having cooperating graduations and reference lines by which the distance hetween said lateral extension and the angle bisecting edge of said strip may be directly indicated.

l. A mechanics tool comprising an elongated handle having at one end a pair of arms diverging in a direction away from the handie and endwise thereof, said handle having a slot along one edge and through one of said arms, a bar disposed in said slot and shiftable endwise of itself along said slot so as to project endwise from said handle beyond said arms to different extents, means for clamping said bar in different adjusted positions, one edge of said bar bisecting the angle be.- tween said arms, a runner arm extending laterally of said handle adjacent said diverging arms and at the side of said handle opp-este from said slot, a runner adjustable on said runner arm for movement toward and from the handle and having a lateral extension movable therewith, with the edge of the e2;- tenson nearest the handle running parallel te the angle-bisecting edge of said scale bar the diverging arm of the handle the s"d from which the runner arm projects being slotte. intermediate its faces to enable movement of said lateral extension into contact with the angle-bisectin g edge of said bary the end of said bar which projects beyond said diverging arms running in a direction at 9()O to the angle-bisecting edge of said bar.

5. A mechanics tool comprising an elongated bar terminating at one end in two diverffing arms subtending between them an angle of 90, said bar having a slot along one side edge from end to end, and through one of said arms, and having a siot in the other arm intermediate its faces and from the outer end approximately to the junction between the dverging arms, al bar slidable in said first slot and running cndwise along said handle so as to project beyond said arms, means for securing said bar releasably in dil'erent positions, the end of said bar which projects beyond said arms being at right angles to the inner edge of said bar, and the inner edge of said bar being straight and bisecting the angle subtended between said arms, a third arm on said handle and extending laterally therefrom at the side opposite said bar, runner means mounted on said third arm, adjustable thereon toward and from said handle and having a lateral extension shiftable through the slot in said other direi-ging arm toward and from said ar as said runner means is shifted along said third arm, the edge of said lateral extension nearest said bar being parallel to the angle bisecting edge of said bar, said runner means and third arm having cooperating scale indications and marks by which the distance between said lateral extension and said bar may be directly indicated at all times.

G. A mechanics tool comprising a handle member having arms which diverge outwardly and away from the handle, a bar mounted on said handle between the faces thereof for movement endwise of the handle, so to project dillerent extents beyond the forked end, one edge of said bar b'secting the angle between said arms and the end of said bar, which projects beyond said forked end of the handle, being at right angles to the angle bisecting edge, and an ot't'sct element also mounted on said handle for movement toward and from said bar and having its edge nearest said bar ruiming parallel to the angie-bisecting edge of said bar, and adjustable to different extents across the angie between said arms as it moves toward and from said bar.

7. A mechanics tool comprising a platelike handle terminating at one end in outwardly diverging arms, wi th the arms extending from the side edges of said member, said handle being slotted along opposite side edges in a direction end to end and through said arms, a bar disposed in the slot along one of said edges and adjustable therein to project different distances beyond said arms at that end of said member and having its inner edge bisecting the angle between said arms. a third arm extending at one end into the slot at the opposite edge of Said handle and secured thereto so as to extend edgewise from said handle, a runner carried by said last named arm and having a lateral, platelike extension which projects approximately parallel to said bar, with its edge that is nearest said bar running parallel with the angle bisecting edge of said bar, said lateral extension moving throughr a slot in one of the diverging arms as it approaches and recedes from said bar, said runner and third arm having cooperating scale indications and marks by which the distance between the adjacent edges of said lateral extension and bar at any time may be directly indicated.

8. A mechanics tool comprising a handle yhaving diverging jaws, a member having an edge bisecting the angle subtended by said jaws, and a second member mounted on said handle for adjustment in a direction transversely to said bisecting edge and having an edge parallel to said bisecting edge.

9. A mechanics tool comprising a handle part having diverging jaws, a member having an edge bisecting the angle subtended by said jaws and mounted on said handle part for endwise movement parallel to said edge, means for clamping said member in different adjusted positions, the end portion of said member which projects away from the apex of said angle and across said angle terminating in an end edge at a right angle to said bisecting edge, and a second member mounted on said handle part for movement in adirection parallel to said end edge and having an edge parallel to said bisecting edge of said iirst member.

l0. A mechanics tool comprising a handle having diverging jaws which subtend between them an angle of 900, a member having an edge bisecting the angle subtended by said jaws, and a second member mounted on said handle for adjustment in a direction transversely to said bisecting edge and having an edge parallel to said bisecting edge.

FELIX YAVICOLI. 

